这里仅把其主页上的内容翻译了一下,感觉这个软件真是博大精深啊
ImageMagick介绍
ImageMagick® 是一个软件集合,它的功能是创建、编辑、创作位图(点阵图)图像。它可以读取、转换、产生超过100种格式的图像,包括 DPX, EXR, GIF, JPEG, JPEG-2000, PDF, PhotoCD, PNG, Postscript, SVG, 和 TIFF。 使用ImageMagick,你可以对图像进行转换、翻转 、镜像、旋转、缩放、剪切、变形、调整颜色、特效等多种处理, 或者写入文字、画线、画多边形、画椭圆和Bézier曲线。
ImageMagick是一个典型地利用命令行操作的软件,你也可以用自己喜欢的编程语言编写程序来利用这些功能。你可以从这些接口中选择: G2F (Ada), MagickCore (C), MagickWand (C), ChMagick (Ch), ImageMagickObject (COM+), Magick++ (C++), JMagick (Java), L-Magick (Lisp), NMagick (Neko/haXe), MagickNet (.NET), PascalMagick (Pascal), PerlMagick (Perl), MagickWand for PHP (PHP), IMagick (PHP), PythonMagick (Python), RMagick (Ruby)或 TclMagick (Tcl/TK)。你可以通过一个语言接口, 使用ImageMagick来动态和自动地修改或创建图像。
ImageMagick是一个自由的软件,以可以直接安装的二进制包或可自由使用、拷贝、修改、再分发的源代码的方式提供。它以一个类似 Apache 2.0 风格的 license 的形式分发, 这个许可证是经 OSI 认可并由 OSSCC 推荐的。
ImageMagick开发团队确保一个稳定的 API 和 ABI。在每个ImageMagick版本发行前, 我们都要执行一次全面的安全性评估,包括 memory 和 thread 错误测定以防止程序存在潜在的安全问题。
特性和功能
这里仅列出了ImageMagick功能 实例 中的一小部分:
- 格式转换: 将图像从一个 格式转换为另一张格式 (例如:PNG 转换为 JPEG)。
- 变形: 可以对图像进行改变大小、旋转、裁切、翻转、修剪等操作。
- 透明: 将图像的某部分渲染为不可见。
- 做图: 给一个图像添加文字或形状。
- 修饰: 给一个图像添加边框或画框。
- 特殊效果: 模糊, 锐化, 调整阀值, 或着色。
- 动画制作: 用一组图像创建一幅GIF动画。
- 文字或注释: 在一幅图像中插入注释行文字或美术字。
- 图像鉴定: 描述一幅图像的格式和属性。
- 混合: 将一幅图像置于另一幅之上。
- 蒙太奇: 在画布上叠加一幅图像的缩略图。
- 广义像素扭曲: 矫正, 或导致图像透视变化。
- 形状切分方法: 特征提取, 描述形状和识别图像中的特征图案。
- 电影技术支持: 读写用于数字电影工程的通用图像格式。
- 图像计算: 对图像或图像通道应用一个数学表达式。
- 离散的傅立叶变换: 实施正向或反向的傅立叶变换(DFT)。
- 高动态范围图像: 提供真实场景范围内的强度级别,范围从最亮的阳光直射一直到最暗的阴影部分。
- 加密或解密图像: 将原始图像可逆地加密为不可识别的图像。
- 虚拟像素支持: 方便地访问图像区域的外围像素。
- 大图像支持: 读取, 处理, 或写入兆、千兆或兆兆像素大小的图像。
- 运行线程支持: ImageMagick是线程安全的,并且其核心算法启用了OpenMP技术,这样就具备了利用多处理器芯片来有效提速的优势。
- 联合分发处理: 启用了OpenCL的特有算法,它可以让组成不同构架平台下的CPU和GPU和其它处理器联合工作,这样可以提升图像渲染速度。
- ImageMagick应用于iPhone: 转换、编辑、压缩iPhone中的图像。
有关 ImageMagick 的书籍
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The Definitive Guide to ImageMagick explains all of these capabilities and more in a practical, learn-by-example fashion. You'll get comfortable using ImageMagick for any image-processing task. Through the book's coverage of the ImageMagick interfaces for C, Perl, PHP, and Ruby, you'll learn how to incorporate ImageMagick features into a variety of applications.
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用户社区
要加入 ImageMagick 的用户社区, 来这里 discourse server。你可以查阅以前的问题或回复,或者提出你自己的问题。
好了,ImageMagick如此强大,我们现在就开始领略一下它的强大功能。
首先我们安装它,环境是i386平台上的OpenBSD 4.7稳定版。我的系统不跑X或Gnome等图形环境,所以我安装ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11,但是有些功能需要安装X,所以你如果想尝试所有的功能就需要安装ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0:
代码: 全选
# export PKG_PATH=ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.7/packages/i386/
# pkg_add ImageMagick
Ambiguous: ImageMagick could be ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11 ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0
# pkg_add ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11:jpeg-7: ok (9 to go)
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11:tiff-3.8.2p5: ok (8 to go)
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11:jbigkit-1.6p1: ok (7 to go)
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11:png-1.2.41: ok (6 to go)
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11:ghostscript-fonts-8.11p1: ok (8 to go)
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11:ijs-0.35: ok (7 to go)
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11:libiconv-1.13p0: ok (6 to go)
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11:ghostscript-8.63p11-no_x11: ok (5 to go)
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11:lcms-1.18a: ok (4 to go)
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11:jasper-1.900.1p1: ok (3 to go)
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11:netpbm-10.26.64: ok (2 to go)
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11:bzip2-1.0.5: ok (1 to go)
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11: ok
You may wish to update your font path for /usr/local/share/ghostscript/fonts
--- +ghostscript-fonts-8.11p1 -------------------
To install these fonts for X11, just make sure that the fontpath
lists the 75dpi or 100dpi bitmap fonts before the ghostscript fonts,
and make sure you have the string ":unscaled" appended to the bitmap
font's fontpath. This way, the bitmap fonts will be used if they
match, and the Type 1 versions will be used if the font needs to be
scaled. Below is the relevant section from a typical xorg.conf file.
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/:unscaled"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/:unscaled"
FontPath "/usr/local/share/ghostscript/fonts/"
FontPath "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/"
#
# pkg_info
ImageMagick-6.4.5.6p0-no_x11 image processing tools
bzip2-1.0.5 block-sorting file compressor, unencumbered
ghostscript-8.63p11-no_x11 GNU PostScript interpreter
ghostscript-fonts-8.11p1 35 standard PostScript fonts with Adobe name aliases
ijs-0.35 raster image transmission library
jasper-1.900.1p1 reference implementation of JPEG-2000
jbigkit-1.6p1 lossless image compression library
jpeg-7 IJG's JPEG compression utilities
lcms-1.18a color management library
libiconv-1.13p0 character set conversion library
netpbm-10.26.64 toolkit for converting images between different formats
png-1.2.41 library for manipulating PNG images
tiff-3.8.2p5 tools and library routines for working with TIFF images
#
关于如何添加字体的问题,请参阅这篇帖子,这个是官方的方法。但是lionux兄提供了一种更简洁的方法,也就是直接将字体拷贝到用户的home目录的 .fonts 目录下,然后fc-cache -v一下就OK了,我觉得此方法在X下也不错,请读者自行选择吧。:)
我们前面已经讲过了,ImageMagick是一组图像工具包,它包含了一组图像相关工具——我们先介绍一下identify:
identify
identify程序是一系列 ImageMagick(1) 工具集里的工具之一 。它描述一个或多个图像文件的格式和特征。它也可以判断出一个图像文件是否完整或者损坏。返回的信息包括这幅图像的号码、文件名、宽度和高度、无论图像是否有颜色分配表它还会返回图像中的颜色数量,图像包含的字节数、图像的格式 (JPEG, PNM等), 最后是她读如何处理这幅图像所花费的秒数。 通过 -verbose 参数还可以获得很多其它的特征,要想了解更新信息,请参阅http://www.imagemagick.org/script/identify.php。
我们可以使用下面的命令查看一下ImageMagick的版本,考虑到文件的实效性,可能读者所看到的版本与这里不同。
代码: 全选
# identify -version
Version: ImageMagick 6.4.5 2010-03-19 Q16 http://www.imagemagick.org
Copyright: Copyright (C) 1999-2008 ImageMagick Studio LLC
我们准备一幅图像进行处理,test.png
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同样用identify命令还可以查看图像信息,实际上可以去掉一些图像信息,但是为了掩饰方便、我们在这里保留了这些图像信息以便讲解,首先我们不加任何参数:
代码: 全选
# identify test.png
test.png PNG 300x161 300x161+0+0 8-bit DirectClass 2.99kb
要查看一下这个图像以英寸为单位的打印尺寸,这样:
代码: 全选
# identify -format "%[fx:w/72] by %[fx:h/72] inches" test.png
4.16667 by 2.23611 inches
-verbose参数则显示这个文件的所有细节信息,也是最全的信息了:
代码: 全选
# identify -verbose test.png
Image: test.png
Format: PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
Class: DirectClass
Geometry: 300x161+0+0
Resolution: 236.22x236.22
Print size: 1.27x0.681568
Units: PixelsPerCentimeter
Type: TrueColor
Endianess: Undefined
Colorspace: RGB
Depth: 8-bit
Channel depth:
red: 1-bit
green: 8-bit
blue: 8-bit
Channel statistics:
red:
min: 255 (1)
max: 255 (1)
mean: 255 (1)
standard deviation: 0 (0)
green:
min: 110 (0.431373)
max: 255 (1)
mean: 198.684 (0.779155)
standard deviation: 63.8309 (0.250317)
blue:
min: 0 (0)
max: 255 (1)
mean: 144.848 (0.56803)
standard deviation: 124.839 (0.489565)
Histogram:
26579: (255,255,255) #FFFFFF white
18488: (255,125, 0) #FF7D00 rgb(255,125,0)
306: (255,119, 0) #FF7700 rgb(255,119,0)
272: (255,159, 66) #FF9F42 rgb(255,159,66)
231: (255,117, 0) #FF7500 rgb(255,117,0)
224: (255,118, 0) #FF7600 rgb(255,118,0)
218: (255,120, 0) #FF7800 rgb(255,120,0)
165: (255,221,189) #FFDDBD rgb(255,221,189)
153: (255,122, 0) #FF7A00 rgb(255,122,0)
136: (255,179,105) #FFB369 rgb(255,179,105)
126: (255,124, 0) #FF7C00 rgb(255,124,0)
101: (255,123, 0) #FF7B00 rgb(255,123,0)
101: (255,174, 97) #FFAE61 rgb(255,174,97)
83: (255,246,237) #FFF6ED rgb(255,246,237)
77: (255,134, 18) #FF8612 rgb(255,134,18)
75: (255,205,158) #FFCD9E rgb(255,205,158)
69: (255,248,241) #FFF8F1 rgb(255,248,241)
67: (255,138, 25) #FF8A19 rgb(255,138,25)
59: (255,232,211) #FFE8D3 rgb(255,232,211)
58: (255,127, 3) #FF7F03 rgb(255,127,3)
56: (255,140, 30) #FF8C1E rgb(255,140,30)
56: (255,249,244) #FFF9F4 rgb(255,249,244)
47: (255,190,128) #FFBE80 rgb(255,190,128)
27: (255,121, 0) #FF7900 rgb(255,121,0)
21: (255,128, 6) #FF8006 rgb(255,128,6)
21: (255,152, 54) #FF9836 rgb(255,152,54)
20: (255,235,215) #FFEBD7 rgb(255,235,215)
12: (255,116, 0) #FF7400 rgb(255,116,0)
6: (255,133, 16) #FF8510 rgb(255,133,16)
6: (255,150, 49) #FF9631 rgb(255,150,49)
6: (255,250,245) #FFFAF5 rgb(255,250,245)
5: (255,127, 4) #FF7F04 rgb(255,127,4)
5: (255,244,233) #FFF4E9 rgb(255,244,233)
4: (255,202,153) #FFCA99 rgb(255,202,153)
4: (255,206,159) #FFCE9F rgb(255,206,159)
4: (255,229,205) #FFE5CD rgb(255,229,205)
4: (255,230,206) #FFE6CE rgb(255,230,206)
4: (255,233,212) #FFE9D4 rgb(255,233,212)
4: (255,233,213) #FFE9D5 rgb(255,233,213)
4: (255,255,254) #FFFFFE rgb(255,255,254)
3: (255,124, 4) #FF7C04 rgb(255,124,4)
3: (255,126, 2) #FF7E02 rgb(255,126,2)
3: (255,133, 17) #FF8511 rgb(255,133,17)
3: (255,146, 41) #FF9229 rgb(255,146,41)
3: (255,146, 42) #FF922A rgb(255,146,42)
3: (255,179,107) #FFB36B rgb(255,179,107)
3: (255,186,120) #FFBA78 rgb(255,186,120)
3: (255,220,186) #FFDCBA rgb(255,220,186)
3: (255,242,229) #FFF2E5 rgb(255,242,229)
3: (255,244,234) #FFF4EA rgb(255,244,234)
3: (255,249,243) #FFF9F3 rgb(255,249,243)
3: (255,251,247) #FFFBF7 rgb(255,251,247)
3: (255,251,248) #FFFBF8 rgb(255,251,248)
3: (255,253,250) #FFFDFA rgb(255,253,250)
3: (255,253,251) #FFFDFB rgb(255,253,251)
3: (255,254,252) #FFFEFC rgb(255,254,252)
3: (255,254,253) #FFFEFD rgb(255,254,253)
2: (255,114, 0) #FF7200 rgb(255,114,0)
2: (255,115, 0) #FF7300 rgb(255,115,0)
2: (255,126, 1) #FF7E01 rgb(255,126,1)
2: (255,126, 3) #FF7E03 rgb(255,126,3)
2: (255,127, 8) #FF7F08 rgb(255,127,8)
2: (255,128, 12) #FF800C rgb(255,128,12)
2: (255,131, 13) #FF830D rgb(255,131,13)
2: (255,134, 21) #FF8615 rgb(255,134,21)
2: (255,135, 19) #FF8713 rgb(255,135,19)
2: (255,135, 20) #FF8714 rgb(255,135,20)
2: (255,135, 25) #FF8719 rgb(255,135,25)
2: (255,136, 21) #FF8815 rgb(255,136,21)
2: (255,137, 23) #FF8917 rgb(255,137,23)
2: (255,144, 37) #FF9025 rgb(255,144,37)
2: (255,147, 44) #FF932C rgb(255,147,44)
2: (255,148, 45) #FF942D rgb(255,148,45)
2: (255,149, 48) #FF9530 rgb(255,149,48)
2: (255,149, 51) #FF9533 rgb(255,149,51)
2: (255,150, 51) #FF9633 rgb(255,150,51)
2: (255,152, 56) #FF9838 rgb(255,152,56)
2: (255,153, 55) #FF9937 rgb(255,153,55)
2: (255,155, 66) #FF9B42 rgb(255,155,66)
2: (255,171, 91) #FFAB5B rgb(255,171,91)
2: (255,173, 94) #FFAD5E rgb(255,173,94)
2: (255,173, 96) #FFAD60 rgb(255,173,96)
2: (255,175, 97) #FFAF61 rgb(255,175,97)
2: (255,176,101) #FFB065 rgb(255,176,101)
2: (255,179,106) #FFB36A rgb(255,179,106)
2: (255,184,115) #FFB873 rgb(255,184,115)
2: (255,188,125) #FFBC7D rgb(255,188,125)
2: (255,189,125) #FFBD7D rgb(255,189,125)
2: (255,193,133) #FFC185 rgb(255,193,133)
2: (255,194,136) #FFC288 rgb(255,194,136)
2: (255,199,144) #FFC790 rgb(255,199,144)
2: (255,202,152) #FFCA98 rgb(255,202,152)
2: (255,208,163) #FFD0A3 rgb(255,208,163)
2: (255,209,167) #FFD1A7 rgb(255,209,167)
2: (255,214,175) #FFD6AF rgb(255,214,175)
2: (255,215,177) #FFD7B1 rgb(255,215,177)
2: (255,219,184) #FFDBB8 rgb(255,219,184)
2: (255,219,185) #FFDBB9 rgb(255,219,185)
2: (255,222,191) #FFDEBF rgb(255,222,191)
2: (255,224,194) #FFE0C2 rgb(255,224,194)
2: (255,224,195) #FFE0C3 rgb(255,224,195)
2: (255,227,201) #FFE3C9 rgb(255,227,201)
2: (255,228,202) #FFE4CA rgb(255,228,202)
2: (255,232,209) #FFE8D1 rgb(255,232,209)
2: (255,232,210) #FFE8D2 rgb(255,232,210)
2: (255,233,211) #FFE9D3 rgb(255,233,211)
2: (255,234,213) #FFEAD5 rgb(255,234,213)
2: (255,235,216) #FFEBD8 rgb(255,235,216)
2: (255,236,218) #FFECDA rgb(255,236,218)
2: (255,237,219) #FFEDDB rgb(255,237,219)
2: (255,240,225) #FFF0E1 rgb(255,240,225)
2: (255,240,226) #FFF0E2 rgb(255,240,226)
2: (255,241,227) #FFF1E3 rgb(255,241,227)
2: (255,242,230) #FFF2E6 rgb(255,242,230)
2: (255,243,232) #FFF3E8 rgb(255,243,232)
2: (255,245,235) #FFF5EB rgb(255,245,235)
2: (255,245,236) #FFF5EC rgb(255,245,236)
2: (255,245,237) #FFF5ED rgb(255,245,237)
2: (255,247,238) #FFF7EE rgb(255,247,238)
2: (255,247,239) #FFF7EF rgb(255,247,239)
2: (255,250,246) #FFFAF6 rgb(255,250,246)
2: (255,252,248) #FFFCF8 rgb(255,252,248)
2: (255,252,249) #FFFCF9 rgb(255,252,249)
2: (255,253,252) #FFFDFC rgb(255,253,252)
2: (255,254,254) #FFFEFE rgb(255,254,254)
1: (255,110, 0) #FF6E00 rgb(255,110,0)
1: (255,111, 0) #FF6F00 rgb(255,111,0)
1: (255,112, 0) #FF7000 rgb(255,112,0)
1: (255,113, 0) #FF7100 rgb(255,113,0)
1: (255,122, 1) #FF7A01 rgb(255,122,1)
1: (255,122, 2) #FF7A02 rgb(255,122,2)
1: (255,122, 4) #FF7A04 rgb(255,122,4)
1: (255,123, 4) #FF7B04 rgb(255,123,4)
1: (255,124, 1) #FF7C01 rgb(255,124,1)
1: (255,124, 2) #FF7C02 rgb(255,124,2)
1: (255,124, 3) #FF7C03 rgb(255,124,3)
1: (255,124, 6) #FF7C06 rgb(255,124,6)
1: (255,125, 2) #FF7D02 rgb(255,125,2)
1: (255,125, 3) #FF7D03 rgb(255,125,3)
1: (255,125, 5) #FF7D05 rgb(255,125,5)
1: (255,126, 4) #FF7E04 rgb(255,126,4)
1: (255,126, 6) #FF7E06 rgb(255,126,6)
1: (255,127, 5) #FF7F05 rgb(255,127,5)
1: (255,127, 6) #FF7F06 rgb(255,127,6)
1: (255,127, 9) #FF7F09 rgb(255,127,9)
1: (255,127, 10) #FF7F0A rgb(255,127,10)
1: (255,128, 8) #FF8008 rgb(255,128,8)
1: (255,128, 18) #FF8012 rgb(255,128,18)
1: (255,130, 9) #FF8209 rgb(255,130,9)
1: (255,130, 14) #FF820E rgb(255,130,14)
1: (255,130, 15) #FF820F rgb(255,130,15)
1: (255,130, 18) #FF8212 rgb(255,130,18)
1: (255,131, 11) #FF830B rgb(255,131,11)
1: (255,131, 12) #FF830C rgb(255,131,12)
1: (255,131, 18) #FF8312 rgb(255,131,18)
1: (255,132, 13) #FF840D rgb(255,132,13)
1: (255,132, 16) #FF8410 rgb(255,132,16)
1: (255,133, 18) #FF8512 rgb(255,133,18)
1: (255,133, 19) #FF8513 rgb(255,133,19)
1: (255,134, 17) #FF8611 rgb(255,134,17)
1: (255,134, 19) #FF8613 rgb(255,134,19)
1: (255,134, 23) #FF8617 rgb(255,134,23)
1: (255,135, 21) #FF8715 rgb(255,135,21)
1: (255,135, 23) #FF8717 rgb(255,135,23)
1: (255,135, 24) #FF8718 rgb(255,135,24)
1: (255,135, 26) #FF871A rgb(255,135,26)
1: (255,136, 24) #FF8818 rgb(255,136,24)
1: (255,136, 25) #FF8819 rgb(255,136,25)
1: (255,137, 24) #FF8918 rgb(255,137,24)
1: (255,138, 29) #FF8A1D rgb(255,138,29)
1: (255,138, 30) #FF8A1E rgb(255,138,30)
1: (255,138, 31) #FF8A1F rgb(255,138,31)
1: (255,139, 27) #FF8B1B rgb(255,139,27)
1: (255,139, 29) #FF8B1D rgb(255,139,29)
1: (255,139, 32) #FF8B20 rgb(255,139,32)
1: (255,140, 28) #FF8C1C rgb(255,140,28)
1: (255,140, 29) #FF8C1D rgb(255,140,29)
1: (255,140, 32) #FF8C20 rgb(255,140,32)
1: (255,140, 36) #FF8C24 rgb(255,140,36)
1: (255,141, 31) #FF8D1F rgb(255,141,31)
1: (255,141, 32) #FF8D20 rgb(255,141,32)
1: (255,142, 34) #FF8E22 rgb(255,142,34)
1: (255,142, 38) #FF8E26 rgb(255,142,38)
1: (255,143, 40) #FF8F28 rgb(255,143,40)
1: (255,144, 38) #FF9026 rgb(255,144,38)
1: (255,144, 39) #FF9027 rgb(255,144,39)
1: (255,144, 40) #FF9028 rgb(255,144,40)
1: (255,144, 42) #FF902A rgb(255,144,42)
1: (255,145, 39) #FF9127 rgb(255,145,39)
1: (255,145, 41) #FF9129 rgb(255,145,41)
1: (255,145, 43) #FF912B rgb(255,145,43)
1: (255,146, 40) #FF9228 rgb(255,146,40)
1: (255,146, 45) #FF922D rgb(255,146,45)
1: (255,147, 47) #FF932F rgb(255,147,47)
1: (255,148, 47) #FF942F rgb(255,148,47)
1: (255,149, 47) #FF952F rgb(255,149,47)
1: (255,150, 50) #FF9632 rgb(255,150,50)
1: (255,151, 52) #FF9734 rgb(255,151,52)
1: (255,151, 55) #FF9737 rgb(255,151,55)
1: (255,152, 52) #FF9834 rgb(255,152,52)
1: (255,152, 53) #FF9835 rgb(255,152,53)
1: (255,153, 56) #FF9938 rgb(255,153,56)
1: (255,153, 58) #FF993A rgb(255,153,58)
1: (255,154, 56) #FF9A38 rgb(255,154,56)
1: (255,154, 58) #FF9A3A rgb(255,154,58)
1: (255,154, 66) #FF9A42 rgb(255,154,66)
1: (255,155, 57) #FF9B39 rgb(255,155,57)
1: (255,155, 58) #FF9B3A rgb(255,155,58)
1: (255,155, 59) #FF9B3B rgb(255,155,59)
1: (255,155, 61) #FF9B3D rgb(255,155,61)
1: (255,156, 59) #FF9C3B rgb(255,156,59)
1: (255,156, 60) #FF9C3C rgb(255,156,60)
1: (255,156, 61) #FF9C3D rgb(255,156,61)
1: (255,156, 65) #FF9C41 rgb(255,156,65)
1: (255,157, 66) #FF9D42 rgb(255,157,66)
1: (255,158, 66) #FF9E42 rgb(255,158,66)
1: (255,158, 69) #FF9E45 rgb(255,158,69)
1: (255,159, 67) #FF9F43 rgb(255,159,67)
1: (255,159, 68) #FF9F44 rgb(255,159,68)
1: (255,159, 70) #FF9F46 rgb(255,159,70)
1: (255,160, 68) #FFA044 rgb(255,160,68)
1: (255,160, 69) #FFA045 rgb(255,160,69)
1: (255,160, 70) #FFA046 rgb(255,160,70)
1: (255,160, 71) #FFA047 rgb(255,160,71)
1: (255,160, 72) #FFA048 rgb(255,160,72)
1: (255,161, 70) #FFA146 rgb(255,161,70)
1: (255,161, 73) #FFA149 rgb(255,161,73)
1: (255,162, 72) #FFA248 rgb(255,162,72)
1: (255,162, 74) #FFA24A rgb(255,162,74)
1: (255,164, 79) #FFA44F rgb(255,164,79)
1: (255,164, 81) #FFA451 rgb(255,164,81)
1: (255,165, 78) #FFA54E rgb(255,165,78)
1: (255,165, 79) #FFA54F rgb(255,165,79)
1: (255,166, 80) #FFA650 rgb(255,166,80)
1: (255,166, 82) #FFA652 rgb(255,166,82)
1: (255,167, 82) #FFA752 rgb(255,167,82)
1: (255,167, 85) #FFA755 rgb(255,167,85)
1: (255,169, 91) #FFA95B rgb(255,169,91)
1: (255,170, 88) #FFAA58 rgb(255,170,88)
1: (255,170, 95) #FFAA5F rgb(255,170,95)
1: (255,171, 89) #FFAB59 rgb(255,171,89)
1: (255,172, 92) #FFAC5C rgb(255,172,92)
1: (255,172, 93) #FFAC5D rgb(255,172,93)
1: (255,174, 95) #FFAE5F rgb(255,174,95)
1: (255,174, 96) #FFAE60 rgb(255,174,96)
1: (255,174, 99) #FFAE63 rgb(255,174,99)
1: (255,175, 98) #FFAF62 rgb(255,175,98)
1: (255,175, 99) #FFAF63 rgb(255,175,99)
1: (255,175,100) #FFAF64 rgb(255,175,100)
1: (255,175,104) #FFAF68 rgb(255,175,104)
1: (255,176,100) #FFB064 rgb(255,176,100)
1: (255,176,102) #FFB066 rgb(255,176,102)
1: (255,176,103) #FFB067 rgb(255,176,103)
1: (255,176,105) #FFB069 rgb(255,176,105)
1: (255,177,102) #FFB166 rgb(255,177,102)
1: (255,177,103) #FFB167 rgb(255,177,103)
1: (255,178,103) #FFB267 rgb(255,178,103)
1: (255,178,104) #FFB268 rgb(255,178,104)
1: (255,178,105) #FFB269 rgb(255,178,105)
1: (255,178,106) #FFB26A rgb(255,178,106)
1: (255,180,109) #FFB46D rgb(255,180,109)
1: (255,180,110) #FFB46E rgb(255,180,110)
1: (255,181,109) #FFB56D rgb(255,181,109)
1: (255,181,110) #FFB56E rgb(255,181,110)
1: (255,182,113) #FFB671 rgb(255,182,113)
1: (255,182,114) #FFB672 rgb(255,182,114)
1: (255,184,118) #FFB876 rgb(255,184,118)
1: (255,185,119) #FFB977 rgb(255,185,119)
1: (255,185,120) #FFB978 rgb(255,185,120)
1: (255,186,119) #FFBA77 rgb(255,186,119)
1: (255,187,124) #FFBB7C rgb(255,187,124)
1: (255,187,125) #FFBB7D rgb(255,187,125)
1: (255,188,123) #FFBC7B rgb(255,188,123)
1: (255,188,124) #FFBC7C rgb(255,188,124)
1: (255,188,127) #FFBC7F rgb(255,188,127)
1: (255,189,127) #FFBD7F rgb(255,189,127)
1: (255,189,128) #FFBD80 rgb(255,189,128)
1: (255,190,127) #FFBE7F rgb(255,190,127)
1: (255,191,133) #FFBF85 rgb(255,191,133)
1: (255,192,130) #FFC082 rgb(255,192,130)
1: (255,192,131) #FFC083 rgb(255,192,131)
1: (255,196,140) #FFC48C rgb(255,196,140)
1: (255,196,141) #FFC48D rgb(255,196,141)
1: (255,198,144) #FFC690 rgb(255,198,144)
1: (255,199,145) #FFC791 rgb(255,199,145)
1: (255,201,149) #FFC995 rgb(255,201,149)
1: (255,202,151) #FFCA97 rgb(255,202,151)
1: (255,203,154) #FFCB9A rgb(255,203,154)
1: (255,203,155) #FFCB9B rgb(255,203,155)
1: (255,203,156) #FFCB9C rgb(255,203,156)
1: (255,204,156) #FFCC9C rgb(255,204,156)
1: (255,207,161) #FFCFA1 rgb(255,207,161)
1: (255,209,165) #FFD1A5 rgb(255,209,165)
1: (255,210,166) #FFD2A6 rgb(255,210,166)
1: (255,211,169) #FFD3A9 rgb(255,211,169)
1: (255,212,172) #FFD4AC rgb(255,212,172)
1: (255,213,173) #FFD5AD rgb(255,213,173)
1: (255,214,176) #FFD6B0 rgb(255,214,176)
1: (255,214,177) #FFD6B1 rgb(255,214,177)
1: (255,215,175) #FFD7AF rgb(255,215,175)
1: (255,215,176) #FFD7B0 rgb(255,215,176)
1: (255,216,180) #FFD8B4 rgb(255,216,180)
1: (255,217,179) #FFD9B3 rgb(255,217,179)
1: (255,219,186) #FFDBBA rgb(255,219,186)
1: (255,220,187) #FFDCBB rgb(255,220,187)
1: (255,221,188) #FFDDBC rgb(255,221,188)
1: (255,222,189) #FFDEBD rgb(255,222,189)
1: (255,222,190) #FFDEBE rgb(255,222,190)
1: (255,225,197) #FFE1C5 rgb(255,225,197)
1: (255,226,199) #FFE2C7 rgb(255,226,199)
1: (255,227,200) #FFE3C8 rgb(255,227,200)
1: (255,228,201) #FFE4C9 rgb(255,228,201)
1: (255,228,203) #FFE4CB rgb(255,228,203)
1: (255,229,204) #FFE5CC rgb(255,229,204)
1: (255,230,207) #FFE6CF rgb(255,230,207)
1: (255,231,208) #FFE7D0 rgb(255,231,208)
1: (255,231,209) #FFE7D1 rgb(255,231,209)
1: (255,234,214) #FFEAD6 rgb(255,234,214)
1: (255,234,215) #FFEAD7 rgb(255,234,215)
1: (255,235,214) #FFEBD6 rgb(255,235,214)
1: (255,236,219) #FFECDB rgb(255,236,219)
1: (255,237,220) #FFEDDC rgb(255,237,220)
1: (255,237,222) #FFEDDE rgb(255,237,222)
1: (255,238,221) #FFEEDD rgb(255,238,221)
1: (255,238,222) #FFEEDE rgb(255,238,222)
1: (255,239,224) #FFEFE0 rgb(255,239,224)
1: (255,241,226) #FFF1E2 rgb(255,241,226)
1: (255,243,230) #FFF3E6 rgb(255,243,230)
1: (255,246,238) #FFF6EE rgb(255,246,238)
1: (255,247,240) #FFF7F0 rgb(255,247,240)
1: (255,248,242) #FFF8F2 rgb(255,248,242)
1: (255,249,242) #FFF9F2 rgb(255,249,242)
1: (255,249,245) #FFF9F5 rgb(255,249,245)
1: (255,250,244) #FFFAF4 rgb(255,250,244)
Rendering intent: Undefined
Chromaticity:
red primary: (0.63999,0.33001)
green primary: (0.3,0.6)
blue primary: (0.15,0.05999)
white point: (0.31269,0.32899)
Interlace: None
Background color: white
Border color: rgb(223,223,223)
Matte color: grey74
Transparent color: black
Page geometry: 300x161+0+0
Dispose: Undefined
Iterations: 0
Compression: Zip
Orientation: Undefined
Properties:
create-date: 2010-08-29T18:32:26-05:00
modify-date: 2010-08-29T23:30:30-05:00
signature: 181eb67a7d78e21030e2de7dcb0a171822c02c7fcde1b01ade312fbee040b814
Artifacts:
verbose: true
Tainted: False
Filesize: 2.99kb
Number pixels: 47.2kb
Version: ImageMagick 6.4.5 2010-03-19 Q16 http://www.imagemagick.org
我们要列出可用的色彩空间,这样:
代码: 全选
# identify -list colorspace
CMY
CMYK
Gray
HSB
HSL
HWB
Lab
Log
OHTA
Rec601Luma
Rec601YCbCr
Rec709Luma
Rec709YCbCr
RGB
sRGB
Transparent
XYZ
YCbCr
YCC
YIQ
YPbPr
YUV
#
还有一些参数请自行参阅用户手册的说明:
代码: 全选
Image Settings:
-antialias remove pixel-aliasing
-authenticate value decrypt image with this password
-channel type apply option to select image chan-
nels
-crop geometry cut out a rectangular region of the
image
-define format:option
define one or more image format
options
-density geometry horizontal and vertical density of
the image
-depth value image depth
-extract geometry extract area from image
-format "string" output formatted image characteris-
tics
-fuzz distance colors within this distance are
considered equal
-interlace type type of image interlacing scheme
-interpolate method pixel color interpolation method
-limit type value pixel cache resource limit
-list type Color, Configure, Delegate, Format,
Magic, Module,
Resource, or Type
-matte store matte channel if the image
has one
-monitor monitor progress
-ping efficiently determine image
ImageMagick Date: 2005/03/01 01:00:00 1
identify(1) identify(1)
attributes
-quiet suppress all warning messages
-regard-warnings pay attention to warning messages
-sampling-factor geometry
horizontal and vertical sampling
factor
-seed value seed a new sequence of pseudo-ran-
dom numbers
-set attribute value set an image attribute
-size geometry width and height of image
-strip strip image of all profiles and
comments
-units type the units of image resolution
-verbose print detailed information about
the image
-virtual-pixel method
virtual pixel access method
Miscellaneous Options:
-debug events display copious debugging informa-
tion
-help print program options
-log format format of debugging information
-list type print a list of supported option
arguments
-version print version information
By default, the image format of `file' is determined by
its magic number. To specify a particular image format,
precede the filename with an image format name and a colon
(i.e. ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename
suffix (i.e. image.ps). Specify 'file' as '-' for stan-
dard input or output.
convert程序也是ImageMagick工具集里的一个工具。你可以用它在将图像转换为不同的格式,同时可以用它修改图像尺寸、模糊、裁切、去污点、振动、吸收以及更多的操作。请参阅 http://www.imagemagick.org/script/convert.php
类型转换
我们先看一下图像类型转换的例子, 例如我们把图像test.png转换为test.jpg
代码: 全选
# convert test.png test.jpg
test.png和test.jpg
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下面的命令就在转换的同时将尺寸缩小为原图的30%:
代码: 全选
# convert test.png -resize 30% test-30.jpg
test.png和test-30.jpg
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水平翻转: -flop
代码: 全选
#convert test.png -flop testflop.png
test.png和testflop.png
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上下翻转:-flip
代码: 全选
#convert test.png -flip testflip.png
test.png和testflip.png
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裁切:-crop
代码: 全选
# convert test.png -crop 20 testcrop.png
test.png和testcrop-0.png,testcrop-1.png,testcrop-2.png
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更换彩色空间: -colorspace
代码: 全选
# convert test.png -colorspace Gray testgray.png
test.png和testgray.png
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模糊:blur radius
代码: 全选
# convert test.png -blur 5 testblur.png
test.png和testblur.png
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裁边: -trim
代码: 全选
# convert test.png -trim testtrim.png
test.png和testrim.png
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锐化: -sharpen
代码: 全选
# convert testblur.png -sharpen 50 testsharpen.png
testblur.png和tessharpen.png
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还有很多效果请大家自行查阅手册吧。
这也有一些例子
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总之ImageMagick系列图像处理软件的功能太强劲了,无法一一列举,请大家自行上其主页上查找,主要的工具还有
mogrify
按规定尺寸制作一个图像,模糊,裁剪,抖动等。Mogrify改写最初的图像文件然后写到一个不同的图像文件。
composite
根据一个图片或多个图片组合生成图片。
montage
创建一些分开的要素图像。在含有要素图像任意的装饰图片,如边框、结构、图片名称等。
compare
在算术上和视觉上评估不同的图片及其它的改造图片。
display
如果你拥有一个X server的系统,它可以按次序的显示图片
animate
利用X server显示动画图片
import
在X server或任何可见的窗口上输出图片文件。 你可以捕获单一窗口,整个的荧屏或任何荧屏的矩形部分。
conjure
解释执行 MSL (Magick Scripting Language) 写的脚本。
其中我原来比较常用的是import, 用来作为屏幕捕捉使用。